- 若考慮買房子, 2009 年好時機 (價跌, 貨比三家, 抵稅)
- 除了參考網頁資訊, 記得買幾本好書, 透視房屋買賣, 如何遴選優質建商etc
- 事先閱讀該州房屋買賣定型化契約
台灣房屋要抵擋颱風, 地震, 所以多使用鋼筋水泥建材.
美國磚頭房子多,小木屋也多. 有些州或者城市飽受海上颶風或者龍捲風肆虐, 才用鋼筋水泥建材.
當我們在一個城市穩定下來, 很自然就會想要置產, 個人財產
I. 租還是買
A. 買, 財務支出如下
1) Down Payment
2) Inspection fees
3) Closing Cost
4) Property Attorney fees (suggested)
5) Mortgage Payments + interests (tax shield)
6) Property Taxes
7) Home Insurance
8) Home Owners Association dues (俗稱住戶管委會費用)
9) Maintenance fees
B. 房子會折舊, 可是房價會漲 (財務公式詭異假設; 如今證明假設有誤)
C. 若租, 則最好 “善於投資理財” 因為不動產本身即是投資.
II. “Buyer ready/Loan ready” Pre-Approval
A. 意義: 購買 $X 的房子 (不代表你非買該價位不可)
B. 用途: 攜帶此證, 以示子彈充足 (或帶滿車廂現金也是很有誠意)
C. 找誰要: 銀行
D. 怎麼要: 會依據客戶資產, 收入, 與負債狀況, 核發
E. 期限: 常見60 days
III. Loan
A. 意義: 如果不打算即刻砸幾十萬現金, 就要辦理房貸
B. 找誰要: Bank, Broker
C. 下列因素會影響房貸
1) Down Payment 的比率會影響貸率 (20% 以上為佳),
2) 15/30年term
3) Points
4) ARM/FRM
5) Early termination penalty
6) Slide lock
7) Credit Score
8) 更多…
IV. 找房子/好建商(新建屋)
A. 賣方常用仲介業務, 買方不必要用業務, 因為
1) 法律權益面而言, real estate attorney更專業 (費用更貴)
2) 談判價格面而言, 殺價有利於買方, 但業務佣金按比率抽成 (成交金額低, 佣金自然少), 不利於業務. 此死結難解.
3) 多利用網路搜尋例如 Zillow.com掌握
(a) 交易紀錄
(b) 屋價走勢
(c) Comparables (zip code, size, built year…etc)
少被業務牽著逛大街 (費時, 強迫推銷…etc)
V. House Disclosure (找到喜歡的屋子後索取)
A. 意義: 依法賣方 (屋主/仲介)須檢付已知的房屋弊病
B. 用途: good point to start
VI. Inspection
A. Thermal imaging (A/C cost, wholes on the wall…where is the leak?)
B. Engineering inspections
VII. 出價 Make a solid offer:
A. $X check (memo that they are not to start escrow with it unless the seller accepts my explicit offer price and terms as listed in the contract)
B. A copy of an up-to-date valid mortgage credit approval letter from lender
C. Contract
1) Time limit or list a date that closing will take place
(a) 效果: if the seller wastes too much time, they buyer could possibly lose their mortgage rate lock-in
(b) Call-off the deal
(c) get the deposit back from the escrow company
2) Option fee
3) Due diligence
4) Contract go through contingent upon…
(d) bank approval financing
(e) Seller fix all inspected problems
(f) APR
(g) Title
(h) Appraisal
(i) Survey
(j) …etc
D. Clean Title
1) Free of liens (先得權,留置權)
2) Easements (地役權) 在英美財產法中,指地產所有人授予他人為特定目的使用其部分土地的權利。例如,擁有A地的甲可以要求擁有B地的乙不要在其土地上建設高樓, 以保證甲可以: 觀賞風景, 享受日光…etc。
3) Restrictions
4) Zoning changes that appear on the plat
E. Earnest Money
VIII. $ Negotiation
A. 心理建設: 消費者最偉大, 沒有買方付錢, 哪有成交價格? 談判是人生王道!!
B. Request reports of a property appraiser
1) This house appraised for $X
2) So what? Did the market support/agree the evaluation?
C. Market comparables (近期同區成交紀錄)
1) 定價/標籤開價多少? Original listing prices of other homes
2) 實際成交價格多少? (參考)
3) 花多久才賣出去? How long did it take to sell the houses?
4) 交易紀錄多老舊? How long ago?
D. Gated vs. No-Gate community
1) Is there official research that reported crime rates were as high/same/low inside gated communities or outside the gated communities?
2) Could slow moving gates allow a second car to easily sneak in behind the first car going through the gate?
E. 最喜歡檢查空調濾網
1) 原因: 就像餐廳廁所髒, 廚房鐵定髒…
2) 賣方屋主連顯著, 省時, 省力, 省錢的保養都懶的做 …#@$%^
3) 以前副指揮官最喜歡檢查我房間的冷氣濾網 , 他說冷氣濾網你都不洗 , 其他環境會整潔?? 胡扯 …
F. Tell the seller/agent:
1) Do you really want to wait for another buyer? Think about the $$$ lost monthly to interest, insurance, property taxes
2) I have other homes to make offers
IX. HOA (俗稱住戶管理費)
A. Meet with the president of HOA and request a written copy of the…
1) Current budget
2) Monthly dues (how often do the dues increase?)
3) What is included?
(k) Basic cable TV
(l) Maintenance ( __ Common area; __ pool; __ lawn <> )
(m) Trash
(n) Sewer
(o) Water
4) Are there any assessments coming up. (Non-disclosed assessments.)
X. Bank Appraisal (appraisal value to loan value ratio; 銀行貸款額必定小於交易總額)
XI. Survey (精測丈量房屋/土地)
XII. Closing cost (contract, title) everything is negotiable…
XIII. Home Insurance
XIV. Property Tax and
A. 自住房Primary Residence房屋稅減免Homestead Exemption
以North Fulton County 09 為例, 政府對房屋的估價, 是房屋稅課稅的稅基, Homestead Exemption 是扣除項, 扣除項金額越大, 則稅基愈小, 繳稅越少…
1) 修法前$15,000
2) 2009年增至 $20,000 (較 2008 年省 $160)
3) 2010年增至 $25,000 (較 2008 年省 $320)
4) 2011年增至 $30,000 (較 2008 年省 $500)
5) 總計節省近 $1,000
B. 如何申辦
1) Where : Tax Assessor Office
2) When : 申請截止日
3) Eligibility :
(a) Rental Property, Land 不適用
(b) 自住房一個為限
4) Present :
(c) 喬州駕照
(d) N.
(e) 其他房屋買賣應備文件
Property investment 金額大, 買賣房地產要做功課, 建議閱讀的資料還有幾貨櫃車.
然, 若選定, 則避免 cold feet ... 共勉之 ...
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